Literature, References, and Comments
Comment on Images and their Dating
The digital story presents Bułhak’s images in different forms: photographic prints, one postcard published by the author himself in Vilnius as well as photographs that Bułhak included in the series “Wanderings of the Photographer in Word and Image” published between 1931 and 1936. In the book series, the latter images were presented with titles. All images shown are from the collections of Vilnius University Library.
Researchers have established that Bułhak often dated his works according to the date a photographic print was made rather than the date the photograph was taken. This story follows the date on which the photograph was taken; where possible, the year of photography is therefore given alongside the image.
The date ranges given for Bułhak’s photographs in the story are based on the dating given in several sources, including the three-volume collection of photographs by Bułhak, compiled by Jūratė Gudaitė and published by the National Museum of Lithuania (2011–2013), and the book “Alma Mater Vilnensis. Vilniaus universitetas fotografijose” (2004) compiled by Bumblauskas and Žvirgždas and others.
Literature and References
Alma Mater Vilnensis. Vilniaus universitetas fotografijose. Publication dedicated to the 425th anniversary of Vilnius University. Compiled by: Alfredas Bumblauskas, Stanislovas Žvirgždas, editorial board: Alfredas Bumblauskas ... [et al.]. Vilnius: Vilnius University, Daigai, 2004.
Bułhak Jan, Dvidešimt šešeri metai su Ruščicu, translated from Polish by Stanislovas Žvirgždas, Vilnius: National Museum of Lithuania, 2014.
Bułhak Jan, Vilnius. I knyga, compiled by Jūratė Gudaitė, Vilnius: National Museum of Lithuania, 2012.
Bułhak Jan, Vilnius. II knyga, compiled by Jūratė Gudaitė, Vilnius: National Museum of Lithuania, 2013.
Bułhak Jan, Vilnius. III knyga. Įvykiai ir žmonės. Apylinkės, compiled by Jūratė Gudaitė, Vilnius: National Museum of Lithuania, 2011.
Bułhak Jan, Wędrówki fotografa w słowie i obrazie. Krajobraz widziany przez soczewkę. Zeszyt II, Wilno: Skład Główny w Księgarni św. Wojciecha, 1933.
Bułhak Jan, Wędrówki fotografa w słowie i obrazie. Ruszczycowskie dożynki. Zeszyt VII, Wilno: Grafika, 1935.
Bułhak Jan, Wędrówki fotografa w słowie i obrazie. Człowiek twórcą krajobrazu. Zeszyt VI, Wilno: Nakładem “Przeglądu Fotograficznego”, 1936.
Bułhak Jan, Wędrówki fotografa w słowie i w obrazie. Pejzaż Wilna. Zeszyt VIII–IX, Wilno: Nakładem “Przeglądu Fotograficznego”, 1936.
Junevičius Dainius, “Życiorys Jana Bułhaka z 1924 r. w zbiorach Państwowego Archiwum Historycznego Litwy w Wilnie”, in: Dagerotyp: biuletyn Stowarzyszenia Historii Fotografii, 2000, t. 9, p. 42–45, [interactive], Polona, [accessed on 29.06.2026], https://polona2.pl/item/dagerotyp-biuletyn-stowarzyszenia-historii-fotografii-nr-9-2000,NTE3MDA0MzA/43/#info:metadata.
Gudaitė Jūratė, “Vilnius Jano Bułhako fotografijose”, in: Jan Bułhak. Vilnius. I knyga, compiled by Gudaitė, National Museum of Lithuania, 2012, p. 7–23.
Gudaitė Jūratė, “‘Trečiojo Vilniaus’ vizija Jano Bułhako fotografijose”, in: Jan Bułhak. Vilnius. III knyga. Įvykiai ir žmonės. Apylinkės, compiled by Jūratė Gudaitė, Vilnius: National Museum of Lithuania, 2011.
Matulytė Margarita, “Šviesos fotografas”, in: Jan Bułhak. Vilniaus barokas. 90 architektūros fotografijų, sukurtų 1912–1916 metais, compiled by Karpavičius, Vilnius: E. Karpavičius’ Publishing House, 2003, p. 6–11.
Matulytė Margarita, Narušytė Agnė, “Asmenybė ir miestas”, in: Camera obscura. Lietuvos fotografijos istorija 1839–1945, Vilnius: Vilnius Academy of Arts Press, 2016, p. 215–222.
Matulytė Margarita, Narušytė Agnė, “Vilniaus fotografijos mokyklos savitumas – šviesos estetika”, in: Camera obscura. Lietuvos fotografijos istorija 1839–1945, Vilnius: Vilnius Academy of Arts Press, 2016, p. 242–255.
Matulytė Margarita, Vilniaus fotografija, 1858–1915, Vilnius: National Museum of Lithuania, 2001.
Žvirgždas Stanislovas, “Janas Bułhakas (1876–1950)”, in: Vilniaus vizija. 1860–1940 metų fotografijos, compiled by Žvirgždas, Vilnius: National Museum of Lithuania, 2022.